How Is Oppression Defined in Womens History

Oppression is the inequitable use of authority, law, or physical force to prevent others from being free or equal. Oppression is a type of injustice.  The verb oppress can mean to keep someone down in a social sense, such as an authoritarian government might do in an oppressive society. It can also mean to mentally burden someone, such as with the psychological weight of an oppressive idea.   Feminists fight against the oppression of women. Women have been unjustly held back from achieving full equality for much of human history in many societies around the world. Feminist theorists of the 1960s and 1970s looked for new ways to analyze this oppression, often concluding that there were both overt and insidious forces in society that oppressed women. These feminists also drew on the work of earlier authors who had analyzed the oppression of women, including Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex and Mary Wollstonecraft in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Many common types of oppression are described as â€Å"isms† such as sexism, racism and so on. The opposite of oppression would be liberation (to remove oppression) or equality (absence of oppression). The Ubiquity of Womens Oppression In much of the written literature of the ancient and medieval world, we have evidence of womens oppression by men in European, Middle Eastern, and African cultures. Women did not have the same legal and political rights as men and were under control of fathers and husbands in almost all societies. In some societies in which women had few options for supporting their life if not supported by a husband, there was even a practice of ritual widow suicide or murder. (Asia continued this practice into the 20th century with some cases occurring in the present as well.) In Greece, often held up as a model of democracy, women did not have basic rights, and could own no property nor could they participate directly in the political system. In both Rome and Greece, womens every movement in public was limited.  There are cultures today where women rarely leave their own homes. Sexual Violence Use of force or coercion—physical or cultural—to impose unwanted sexual contact or rape is a physical expression of oppression, both a result of oppression and a means to maintain oppression. Oppression is both a cause and an effect of sexual violence.  Sexual violence and other forms of violence can create psychological trauma, and make it more difficult for the members of the group subjected to the violence to experience autonomy, choice, respect, and safety. Religions and Cultures Many cultures and religions justify the oppression of women by attributing sexual power to them, that men must then rigidly control to maintain their own purity and power. Reproductive functions—including childbirth and menstruation, sometimes breastfeeding and pregnancy—are seen as disgusting. Thus, in these cultures, women are often required to cover their bodies and faces to keep men, assumed not to be in control of their own sexual actions, from being overpowered. Women are also treated either like children or like property in many cultures and religions. For example, the punishment for rape in some cultures is that the rapists wife is given over to the rape victims husband or father to rape as he wishes, as revenge. Or a woman who is involved in adultery or other sex acts outside monogamous marriage is punished more severely than the man who is involved, and a womans word about rape is not taken as seriously as a mans word about being robbed would be. Womens status as somehow lesser than men is used to justify mens power over women. Marxist (Engels) View of Womens Oppression In Marxism, womens oppression is a key issue.  Engels called the working woman a slave of a slave, and his analysis, in particular, was that oppression of women rose with the rise of a class society, about 6,000 years ago. Engels discussion of the development of womens oppression is primarily in The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State, and drew on anthropologist Lewis Morgan and German writer Bachofen. Engels writes of the world historical defeat of the female sex when Mother-right was overthrown by males to control inheritance of property.  Thus, he argued, it was the concept of property that led to womens oppression. Critics of this analysis point out that while there is much anthropological evidence for matrilineal descent in primal societies, that does not equate to matriarchy or womens equality. In the Marxist view, the oppression of women is a creation of culture. Other Cultural Views Cultural oppression of women can take many forms, including shaming and ridiculing women to reinforce their supposed inferior nature, or physical abuse, as well as the more commonly acknowledged means of oppression including fewer political, social and economic rights. Psychological View In some psychological views, the oppression of women is an outcome of the more aggressive and competitive nature of males due to testosterone levels. Others attribute it to a self-reinforcing cycle where men compete for power and control. Psychological views are used to justify views that women think differently or less well than men, though such studies dont hold up to scrutiny. Intersectionality Other forms of oppression can interact with the oppression of women.  Racism, classism, heterosexism, ableism, ageism, and other social forms of coercion mean that women who are experiencing other forms of oppression may not experience oppression as women in the same way other women with different intersections will experience it.

Cyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children - 1314 Words

Bullying, according to Oxford Dictionary, is the use of â€Å"superior strength or influence to intimidate, typically to force someone to do what one wants.† Growing up, the only bullying that I have witnessed is on the television. The majority of people perceive a bully as a tough boy threatening another for his lunch money, but times have changed in unison with technology evolving. One of the overwhelmingly popular uses of the internet is to contact friends and relatives by posting pictures and sending comments on social media websites. For example, according to Jay Baer, a social media researcher, â€Å"56% of Americans have a profile on a social networking site†. The outcomes of these sites when used appropriately are enjoyable, but for children ages ten to eighteen, cyber bullying is a frequent activity through the sites. Social media websites need filters to decrease cyber bullying since young users have no remote understanding of the unsafe environment and of the depth the effects cyber bullying has on their victims, as well as themselves. Social media websites do not provide a safe and friendly environment for all age ranges. Consequently, â€Å"81% of teens use some kind of social media† making it a popular, yet cowardly source for bullying. Since smart phones and computers surround each one of us, teens hide behind them. It is easier to send a rude message or comment on a website than actually saying it to someone’s face. The people social media sites are molding us to be isShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children866 Words   |  4 Pagesabundant with violent content. Studies show that 90% of American teenagers use the Internet which is vastly unregulated (Lenhart). Thus, children have easy access to pornography, websites with cruel and racist content, and real-life scenes of violence. With pornography and profanity just being a Google-search away, free, and mostly without age restrictions, children tend to develop sexual curiosity at a very young age. According to Network World Inc., terms related to â€Å"sex and porn were near the topRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children And Adults Alike921 Words   |  4 Pages Technology has consumed our generation of children and adults alike, such luxuries such as cell phones and internet, have made our ways of communication much more convenient and accessible. Whether it be for pleasure,intimidation, or education our children are interracting more and more via the internet and social media accounts. This new media has created two new problems for students and teachers to deal with, cyber bullying and sexting. The biggest consequence is how to punish them. As peopleRead MoreCyber Bullyin g And Its Effects On Children And Adults Across The Globe1693 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying doesn’t just happen on the playground or in the workplace; it has now taken over the Internet and popular social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. The term for online bullying is referred to as â€Å"cyber-bullying†. â€Å"Cyber-bullying is defined as the use of email, cell phones, text messages, and Internet sites to threaten, harass, embarrass, or socially exclude† (Patchin, 2015). Much like the face-to-face bullying some may encounter in school can cause physicalRead MoreCyber Bullying Must Be Improved And Consistent1267 Words   |  6 Pages Amanda Bridges Ms. Shultz / Mrs. Seymore English 5th Period 28 January 2015 Cyber Bullying Have you ever been cyber bullied? The effects of cyberbullying are greater than many people have come to realize. Cyber bullies have been around for a long time, but technology now gives them a whole new way to get to their victims easier and faster. Cyberbullying is the use of information technology to repeatedly harm or harass other people in a deliberate manner (abouthealth). Cyberbullying happensRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Peer Pressure1659 Words   |  7 Pagespressured into bullying by their peers and conforming to peer pressure that leads to Cyber-bullying and Cyber-crimes. Bullies are misinterpreted as perpetrators; however, they were at some point victims too and created due to lack of social intervention and significantly affected by the victimization by their peers. Cyberbullying: Through the eyes of children and young people, it acknowledges how bullying has entered a â€Å"digital era† and the need for professionals and adults to protect the children by helpingRead MoreEssay about Cyber Bullying1223 Words   |  5 Pagesbut to those who have been or are currently victims of cyber bullying words can be the difference between life and death. â€Å"Words hurt, and they hurt much more when repeated in the echo chamber of the Internet.† (Rep. Linda Sanchez via FoxNews.com) There are at least 4 examples in the United States where cyber-bullying has been linked to the suicide of a teenager [1]. What is Cyber Bullying? Cyber bullying is defined as â€Å"bullying through information and communication technologies, mediumsRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1536 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been an extreme issue all around the world for hundreds of years, and since modern technology has advanced, so has cyber bullying. â€Å"‘Gimme’ your lunch money† has turned into texting and posting gruesome threats and embarrassing material all over social media. Millions of kids all over the world have taken their own lives due to the harmful effects of cyber bullying. Problems that cannot be resolved independently are brought to court, and the government has become increasingly involvedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Our Youth930 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bulling â€Å"Cyber-bullying and its Effect on our Youth,† has released some useful information to American Osteopathic Association directed by unknown author and Dr. Jennifer N. Caudle, certified family physician. Dr. Caudle approaches to parents while she breaks down some statistics that could potentially prevent cyber bullying. Although, the author of the article along with Dr. Caudle does not reveal sufficient information of cyber bullying, the information given can be wisely incorporatedRead MoreCyber Bullying1493 Words   |  6 PagesPLAYED ON MEAGAN IS KNOWN AS CYBER BULLYING. IN THE YEARS SINCE I FIRST HEARD THIS STORY I’VE HEARD PLENTY MORE STORIES THAT FIT THIS CATEGORY SUCH AS THE SUICIDE OF RYAN HALLIGAN, AND TYLER CLEMENTI JUST TO NAME A COUPLE. CONSTANTLY HEARING THESE STORIES IN THE NEWS LET ME KNOW THAT CYBER-BULLYING IS A GROWING PHENOMENON AFFECTING MANY LIVES AROUND THE WORLD WHICH IS WHY I CHOSE THIS TOPIC TO RESEARCH. TODAY I WANT TO TELL YOU WHAT PROFESS IONALS DESCRIBE AS CYBER-BULLYING ,SOME OF THE ACCREDITED RESEARCHRead MoreAn Analysis of Cyber-Bullying in a Multiethnic Sample Essays974 Words   |  4 Pagesand teachers alike in combating what is popularly known as cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying emerged from the anonymity technology provides bullies, the victims’ would receive repeated taunts, flames, in the form of emails, text messages, messages lefts on the victims’ social networking sites up to exclusion from those media sites. Goebert, D., Else, I., Matsu, C., Chung-Do, J., and Chang, J.Y., (2011) looked into the effects of cyber bullying on the mental health of ethnic high school students. The

Museum Marketing Mix Free Essays

string(113) " event The National Maritime Museum is also one of the unique venues hold many conferences, events and weddings\." MARKETING TRAVEL AND TOURISM PRODUCTS AND SERVICES I – Introduction I have been offered a short period placement in the National Maritime Museum. As part of my team projects in the Marketing Department, I have to produce a brief report to describe the marketing mix of the organisation in order to examine different aspects of marketing. The National Maritime Museum located in the heart of Greenwich where is home to historically buildings and most important national collections. We will write a custom essay sample on Museum Marketing Mix or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the museum itself and also is a visitor attraction, which is funded by the Government to maintain its World Heritage Site. Each year the museum attracts many visitors from all over the world to come and see a wide range of displays and to have the understanding of the seas, oceans, time and space, planets and the universe and know the importance and their relationship with people. As a tourist attraction, the museum has to produce a marketing plan to meet the needs of the market and the visitors. Marketing mix is an essential part affect customer’s motivation for all organisations in terms of products, price, place and promotion. II – Marketing Mix 2. Products Visitors, of course, come to museum to see the arts, galleries, collections, displays and models. In the National Maritime Museum visitors can explore the astronomy and time by seeing how stars and planets are born, the Solar systems, Harrison timekeeper at the galleries. There are over two million collections relating to seafaring, astronomy, time measurement and navigation with over 9000 objects and 12,000 images in the museum. The other reason for visitors to come to the museum is that Greenwich is also a tourist destination itself, well known as a World Heritage Site. Specifically, the museum is made up of three significant sites, which are: the Royal Observatory, famous as the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and the Prime Meridian Line (Longitude 0 degree, the Queen’s House – the first building built with the classical style in England and the National Maritime Museum galleries (Maritime galleries). These three main sites can also be separate products. They have Observatory Galleries, Planetarism in the Royal Observatory; rare portrait collections by the most famous painters Van Dyck, Gainsborough, Hogarth and Reynolds in the Queen’s House. The museum does not target any specific type of customers, they do a lot of activities to attract families with children, adults, group visit, school trips and businesses: †¢ Permanent and temporary exhibitions [pic] The museum runs many exhibitions for all people throughout the year. For example, North-West Passage, Astronomy Photographer, Jeremy Millar: Given are three highlighted exhibitions. pic] Besides, tour exhibitions are quite popular and normally full-booked as they complement activities on-site and make a tour through many places in the UK such as Beacon, Glasgow, Hull, Aberdeen, Great Yarmouth, etc†¦ Some big tour exhibitions are: Beside the Seaside on tour, Turmoil and Tranquillity on tour, Your Ocean on tour and on tour – Skin deep: a history of tattooing. [ pic][pic][pic] They also offer exhibition specialise for children called All Hands and the Bridge Interactive Galleries open to families every Tuesdays weekly and uring school holidays. It all designed for children at all ages, they will be able to send a semaphore signal, load a cargo ship and more exciting is firing a cannon. This exhibition is also use for school group as a superb resource. †¢ Special Events The National Maritime Museum produces a variety of events include family events, adult programmes, school programmes, and sign-interpreted events. [pic] A lot of fun activities are offered in family events for all, for under five years old and five years old plus in particular. There are some more special events for summer holidays, half-term holidays, which are Explore Saturdays, Discover Sundays, Family Treasures and Creative Cargo. More over children can also have the opportunity to create and build their own models and stuffs such as Victory boat model, rocket, sea-monster mask and global and quadrant. [pic] Adults programmes are events supposed to help adults to go in deep the concepts and ideas of history, features in terms of the sea, time and stars which are related to the Museum’s collections through courses such as GCSE Astronomy, Introduction to Astronomy or The Solar Systems. The methods of teaching are lectures, study days, film seasons, workshops, panel discussions and tours. Study programmes are not only for adults; there are plenty of courses, study days for students from Primary, GCSE to A-level studies include Science, History, Physics, Citizenship Geography, Business Studies, and Travel and Tourism. Provided by excellent, enthusiastic teachers giving great opportunities for students to experience and enjoy all fun activities. Especially for school visits, they provide education resources in particular subject. [pic] [pic] Students on study day Girls doing school projects in â€Å"Your Ocean† galleries If you visit any tourist attraction we can easily see the souvenir and gift shops selling toys, books or other products related to that place. Obviously, visitors come to visit the attractions and would like to bring something home to remember that day or just to buy presents for their friends or families. In the National Maritime Museum, there is a wide range of stuffs linked to their collections and to be found by subjects such as Cards, Time and Timepieces, Telescopes Binoculars, Maps, Globes Exploration, Clothing and Personal accessories, Books, Toys, Kids’ bookshop, Corporate gifts, Teachers’ resources and many other things. Another essential section in the museum is restaurant and cafe area, as all visitors get tired after the whole day exploring the museum, they need to have a rest at the coffee shops and fill in their stomachs in the restaurants. There are two coffee bars in the Museum, The Galley where visitors can have delicious soups, hot food or they can have salads, sandwiches if fancy cold food. And the other is Paul where they can find light snacks and enjoy the seasonable drinks in the Museum. [pic] [pic] Summer drinks at the Museum Volvo corporate event The National Maritime Museum is also one of the unique venues hold many conferences, events and weddings. You read "Museum Marketing Mix" in category "Papers" Businesses hire the venue not only because of the beautiful place, they want to experience the fabulous views across London and glaze the stars by having private telescope after the meetings. The Museum also provides food and drink at the venue, corporate services and photographic services. [pic] [pic] Corporate event on the Upper Deck during Queen’s House southwest parlour set up the evening for a meeting †¢ Product life cycle [pic] As I have illustrated on the graph above, there are 4 main periods of a product life cycle which are Introduction, Growth, Maturity and the last period is either Re-growing or Decline. From my point of view, I think the National Maritime Museum is on the Maturity period as the Museum is an old organisation. Besides, to avoid declining, new events, exhibitions, study programmes are coming every month to attract more potential visitors and more coming back visitors. Moreover, they keep maintaining the attraction by planning conservation and new capital projects. They are working on the major new wing project and will be opened in 2012 in time for the London Olympics in order to grow the volume of visitors both from domestic and international. There are five key features of the new project: ? new entrance from the South new spaces for special exhibitions ? an open archive research centre ? a stylish new cafe, brasseries and shop and upgraded visitor facilities ? flexible new learning spaces [pic] The Sammy Ofer Wing Project – National Maritime Museum We can say the Museum is stepping to the re-growing period after all. Obviously, their new wing project will bri ng a massive growth of tourists from all over the world. 2. Price †¢ Strategies Entry to the Museum is fee as it belongs to the nation and is funded by the Government to remain the World Heritage Sites. There was a debate ages ago about the admission costs of the Museums. We all know that if the Museums increase their admission fees, they can use that income source to contribute to image-building, marketing purposes in order to reach the specifics markets. However, there were some evidences proved that the number of visitor decreased after the announcement of charging the Museum entrance fee. According to the survey result in 1988, the number of visitors at the National Maritime Museum fell by 37% in the year they imposed charges. †¢ Competitor analysis Almost Museums in the UK are fee of admission such as the National History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum. Therefore, what they are going to do to gain competitive advantage? The answer is adding value to their products and services. Although people visiting the Museum do not have to pay the admission fee, they still want to see the value of products and services offered at the attraction. The National Maritime Museum sends the message of â€Å"good value† to visitors by providing the unique collections, special exhibitions, the upper-class services to ensure that they will have a good experience when visiting the Museum without paying any money. †¢ Discounting Although the Museum is funded by the Government, but it can not cover the staff’s salaries, maintenance costs, new projects and other expenses. Because of that they need to earn from other income sources as I have mentioned in the Products description above. The Museum does discounts for some products such as half-price, bye one get one free at souvenir and gifts shop, discounts for Planetarium Shows, free for children under 3 years old and reduce prices for students (full time), unemployed (ES40 holders), holders of ISE youth cards, disabled visitors and seniors 60+. For disabled visitors, there is no charge if they need a helper. To have more benefits, visitors can apply for the Museum membership receiving: ? 20% percents discount on all food and drink ? Exclusive membership events and private views ? Lively programmes of talks and lectures ? Access to planetarium shows for free ? Free entry to all special exhibitions ? Free entry to Maritime Museums in the UK and Worldwide ? Exclusive access to the Members Room (tea and coffee) ? 10% discount on all products at the Museum’s shop 20% discount on river trips with City Cruises [pic] Membership subscriptions annually at National Maritime Museum (www. nmn. ac. uk) †¢ Seasonality During the winter time, people stay at home due to cold and wet weather. The Museum offers up to 20% discount on the planetarium shows and some discounts on special events and exhibitions. 3. Place †¢ Channels of distribution Visitors wish to attend the Museum’s events; exhibitions and shows can book online or get the tickets directly at the Museum. The tickets also can be sold by email Bookings. All information about booking tickets can be found easily through the Museum’s website which is www. nmm. co. uk. Besides, visitors can use telephone booking or access to the Greenwich Tourist Information Centre to buy the tickets. If people wish to buy maps, books, or other products related to the Museum’s collections, they can stay at home, see the new products and shop online through the Museum’s website. †¢ Physical location [pic] The Museum located in the heart of Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Sites. Surrounded by beautiful scenes and spectacular views. Visitors are impressed by the fabulous historic scientific sites, the stunning view from Greenwich Park where they can stand on the Meridian line, the elegant Tulip Stairs, the Great Hall in the Queen’s House, the Time Ball on top of Flamsteed House which used to tell the time at the earliest year. These features make the Museum unique. [pic] †¢ Accessibility Transport to and from the attraction: The Museum situated in Greenwich, where easily accessed by the public transports. There are many ways travelling to the Museum, which are: ;; The nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Cutty Sark. From the station, it only takes approximately six to ten minutes’ walk to the Museum. There are two underground tube stations, which are Greenwich and Maze Hill stations. It takes about 12-15 minutes from Greenwich station and 8 minutes from Maze Hill walk to the National Maritime Museum. [pic] Recommended routes from main London terminals (www. nmm. co. uk) †¢ Buses There are numerous buses service to Greenwich town centre, Greenwich Park and Royal Observatory from many parts of London. The table below shows the bus routes to Greenwich town centre: [pic] Bus routes to Greenwich Town Centre (www. nmm. co. uk) Interestingly, visitors can also take the sightseeing cruises operate from London Eye, Westminster, Tower and St. Katherine’s piers to Greenwich Pier. From there it is just over 5 minutes walk to the Museum. By taking cruises, they will enjoy the gorgeous sights along the riverside include the Palace of Westminster (Big Ben), London Eye, St Paul’s Cathedral, Shakespeare’s Globe, The Tower of London, Tower Bridge. By foot Exploring the Heritage Sites by walking through the long-distance walks around the Museum is such an exciting experience. Visitors can take public transports to the walking sections such as the circular Greenwich Millennium Heritage Trails, the Tower Hamlets Walks – North Thames Path to Greenwich, Lea Valley Walk, and Thames Path National Trail – Tower Bridge to Greenwich. †¢ By road Visitors can travel by their own cars by taking the M25, M11, A406, A12, and Blackwall Tunnel from the North. M25, A2 from the South. They can take the A2, M2, and A2 direct to Greenwich from Dover and M20, M25, A2 from Channel Tunnel. Accessibilities for special needs The Museum provides facilities for wheelchair users, lifts are highlighted on the map for all units, and coffee bars and restaurants are all at the ground floor for easy access. Moreover, there are provisions for people with difficulties such as deaf, blind and partially sighted visitors. Those provisions include free large-print touchable guide, audio guides and BSL signed Planetarium monthly shows for deaf visitors. pic] 4. Promotion †¢ Methods Promotion is a very important part and cannot be missed out in the marketing mix, as they need to raise awareness of new products and services or the museum’s developments. The first and most common method is advertising by distributing leaflets, posters, and press releases. The second method is sales promotion by using discounts vouchers for joint promotion. The next method is direct marketing b y sending direct mails in order to encourage people to visit the Museum and event bookings. They also hold exhibitions as trade shows target group organisers and tour operators. In addition, the Museum use different types of media such as national and local newspapers, radio stations, transport sections. †¢ Materials As a public sector organisation, the Museum cannot spend a lot of money on advertising. TV advert is very expensive then it is not necessary, the budget way of advertising is distributing leaflets, posters, and flyers to promote campaigns, special exhibitions, three Museum sites, and activities for all ages: [pic] [pic] Leaflet promoting the ‘Explore Oceans† A selection of NMM leaflets [pic] [pic] ‘Inspiring minds for free’ 2006 poster campaign Joint promotion is the effective way by sharing the costs with other travel and tourism organisations. The Museum connects with those organizations to have a wider range of customers and to add value of money when people buy holidays as packages bring advantages for both sides. Discount vouchers are offered when comprising with other tourist attractions, tour companies, hotel groups and magazine promotions. The National Maritime Museum also has joint promotion with transport sector, which is c2c Train Company with 10% off at the Museum’s shop and a free pot of tea or coffee when spending over ? 4 in the cafe. [pic] c2c joint promotion Press releases are essential in marketing, as all relevant information in the Museum have to be kept up – to – date. In the museum there is a press office covers all angles from press coverage to media interest. Press officers have to produce press releases to inform the national and international media all developments at the Museum. Furthermore, they will have to work out the unique images and the ideas to use for campaign posters or to be published on newspapers. [pic] An image from the front cover of the Independent on Sunday, 24 March 2002, promoting the ‘Skin Deep’ exhibition [pic] A 4-sheet poster on London Underground for the ‘Skin Deep’ exhibition III- Explanation of how the 4Ps work together as a marketing mix in the National Maritime Museum Marketing is sending a message to keep people satisfy. Basically, marketing is all about creating false needs that means they comprise all marketing elements in order to make the wants become needs. Organisations always have to think about what people want in the future and work out what they can do to attract potential customers. Marketing elements cannot go separately, we need to put them in a pot, mix them together and that is the only thing we can alter to end up success or failure of a business. The following graphic shows the relationship between the 4Ps in the National Maritime Museum: In the National Maritime Museum we can see the mixture of products, price, place and promotion. In the marketing mix, products and price are the most important then we use place and promotion to bring the business to the highest point of selling. All three components: Price, Place and Promotion affect the selling of Products and Services. There is no admission fee for Museum entrance, many free events and exhibitions. The word â€Å" FREE† has a big influence to every single person, therefore, more and more people coming in to see what is provided in the Museum. All planetarium shows charge with a very reasonable price (under ? 10) appeal audiences come to see the shows. In every business, normally, the Price makes a strongest influence to the selling of products and services. New products and services need to be advertised in order to raise public awareness. The Museum use leaflets, posters, flyers to promote their new shows, events and exhibitions; buy a space on the newspaper, an advert on the radio station, places big posters in the on underground station with the same purpose of driving people to their products and services. The Museum spends some money to make some money. Although they choose the budget ways of promoting to avoid not spending a large amount of money but they spend a little to make a lot. Internet booking system is the most convenient way of selling products and services. The National Maritime Museum provides many booking options in order to give the best convenience to customers to buy their products and services. The Museum is unique because of its’ Heritage Sites, people come to explore the Museum and to see the surroundings attractions. That means the Place also bring customers to the Museum, which we can understand as Products. However, the Price and Promotion are linked together as they use the Price to promote the products and services. The Museum reduces the price to have price promotion such as discount vouchers for joint promotion (10% off on all products at Museum’s shop, free a pot of tea or coffee at cafe’ when spending over 4 pounds). Some exhibitions are free with a purpose of promoting and targeting groups of visitors. Promotion also affects the channel of distribution. One of the promotion methods used by the Museum is direct selling. They open exhibitions, inviting people and sell directly to group organisers, tour operators, and other travel and tourism organisations. Generally, marketing mix plays a very important part of the marketing strategies. In order to reach the market changes and to gain competitive advantage, the National Maritime Museum has to work out more future plans to maintain the ever-growth volume of visitors and to attract both domestic and international visitors. Bibliography Text books: BTEC National Certificate in Travel and Tourism – Book 1 †¢ Marketing in Travel and Tourism by Victor T. C Middleton Websites: †¢ www. google. co. uk †¢ www. nmm. co. uk †¢ www. books. google. co. uk [pic] ———————– Place Promotion UNIT 5: MARKETING TRAVEL TOURISM PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Fall 08 Assignment Title: The Marketing Mix 5A Centre name: Hammersmith and We st London College Learner Name: Kim Thu Dao Subject Lecturer: Matthew Cooper Deadline: 15/10/2009 BTEC NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN TRAVEL TOURISM YEAR 2 Price Products How to cite Museum Marketing Mix, Papers